SIMPLE PRESENT TENSE

NERELERDE KULLANILIR?

Genel olarak Türkçe’deki Geniş Zamanın karşılığıdır diyebiliriz.

a)      Sürekli yinelenen eylemler. Alışkanlık ve rutinlerinizden bahsederken kullanılır.

·      He starts work at 8 o’clock every day.

·      Susan gets up at 7.

·      We go on holiday twice a year.

·      I never get up early at weekends.

·      He doesn’t smoke.

b)     Doğa kanunlarını ve her zaman geçerliliği olan doğrular Simple Present Tense bu ile ifade edilir

·      Water boils at 100 degrees centigrade.

·      The sun rises in the east and sets. İn the west.

·      A bad workman always blames his tools.

 c)      Planlanmış, bir tarifesi olan ancak kişisel olmayan gelecek zaman eylemlerini ifade etmek için kullanılır.  (Sinema, tiyatro, vb. gibi etkinliklerinin başlama ve bitiş saatleri, ders programları, uçak, tren, otobüs tarifeleri, vb) Timetable. Future olarak ta adlandırılabilir.

·      The bus to Eskişehir departs at 3 am and arrives at 6 am.

·      The exam starts at 10 a.m. tomorrow.

·      I am flying to İstanbul next Saturday and my plane takes off at 9 a.m.

d)     Haber başlıklarında Simple Present Tense kullanılır.

·      The trains collapse each other in Bilecik. (collapsed)

·      At last, the two countries sign an armistice. (signed)

e)      Masal ve hikâye anlatımları gibi geçmiş olayları öykülemede kullanılır.

·      Once upon a time, there is a beautiful girl and she lives in a small cottage.

f)       If clause Type 0: Neden- sonuç ya da bilimsel gerçeklerden söz edilirken kullanılan if clause type 0’larda yan cümlede ve ana cümlede kullanılır. (Genel gerçekleri ifade etmede olduğu gibi).

·      If you heat water at 100ºC, it boils.

·      Ice melts if you heat it.

 g)      If clause type 1: Geleceğe yönelik olasılıklardan bahsedilirken kullanılan Type 1’ larda yan cümlede kullanılır.

If it doesn’t rain tomorrow, we will have a picnic.

I can help you with your homework if I have time tomorrow.

h) Sabit durumları ifade etmek için kullanılır.

·      He lives in London.

·      He Works for an international company in New. York.

·      I like music.

·      Tony loves Sally.

i)     Durum ifade eden fiillerle Present Simple kullanılır.

·      I know how to use a computer.

·      I need some money

·      I want to go on holiday.

·      I don’t understand you. What do. You mean?

(Bu cümlelerde anlam şimdiki zaman ama kullanılan tense Present Simple Tense.)

Bu tense ile kullanılan ifadeler:

 –          never, not at all, not ever

–          almost never, rarely, barely, hardly (ever), seldom

–          occasionally, sometimes, at times, now and then, now and again, from  

            Time to time.

–          Usually, generally, mostly, most of the time, often, frequently

–          Always, all the time, every day/ week

–          On Sundays, on Monday, at weekends.

–          Any more.

_          once/twice/three times a day, a month, a year

-ING ALMAYAN VE DOLAYISIYLA CONTINUOUS TENSE’LERLE KULLANILMAYAN, ALTERNATİF OLARAK SIMPLE TENSE’LERLE KULLANILAN FİİLLER

 1)      DÜŞÜNMEYE İLİŞKİN FİİLLER (MENTAL STATE)

Think*                 realise                  understand               mean                 know

Suppose             notice                   feel                           doubt                 believe

Recognise          remember            imagine                                                    

·      I. Don’t understand you. What do you mean?

·      Do you know his name?

·      Do you know him.

·      I don’t believe you.

·      I don’t remember anything.

 2)      DUYGU BELİRTEN FİİLLER (EMOTIONAL STATE)

Love                 appreciate                envy                wish                 desire

Hate                 detest                        mind               forgive.             fear

Like                   loathe                       care                dislike

·      I love her very much.

·      I appreciate your help.

·      She likes listening to music.

·      They hate playing games.

·      She dislikes watching football.

3)  SAHİPLİK BİLDİREN FİİLLER (POSSESSION)

Possess                    own                  Have*                 belong          

·      She owns a very good car.

·      This car belongs to my friend.

 4)  DUYU FİİLLERİ
See*              smell*                feel*                     hear                 taste*
·      I don’t hear you. Speak up please.
 
5)      DİĞER DURUM BİLDİREN FİİLLER
Look                cost                 promise               include               exist
Seem              weigh*             refuse                  sound                 owe
Appear            be*                  contain                 consist of
 
NONPROGRESSIVE OR PROGRESSIVE
 a) Think (Nonprogressive): Bence, sanmak.
·      I think you will be successful.                          
·      I think he loves you.
 
   Think (Progressive): Düşünmek (aktif olarak)
·      I’m thinking about moving abroad.     
·      My father’s thinking of buying a new car.
 
b) See (Nonprogressive): Görmek, anlamak
·      When I look ouf of the window, I see a lot of trees and cars in the street.
·      A: I’m really upset, I have a lot of problems.     B: I see.
 See (Progressive): Görüşmek.
·      The patient is seeing his doctor at present.
 
 c) Smell (Nonprogressive): Kokmak
·      This room smells bad. Would you mind opening the window?
    Smell (Progressive): Koklamak
·      Look! She is smelling the flowers you bought for her.
 
d) Have (Nonprogressive): Sahip olmak
·      I have one sister and two brothers.
 Have (Progressive): Başka sözcüklerle birleşip eylem bildirir.
·      I’m having a cup coffee now. (drinking)
·      I’m having a shower at the moment.
e)      Taste (Nonprogressive): Tadından bahsediyorsak,
·      This soup tastes delicious. Can you give me the recipe?
Taste (Progressive): Tadına bakmak
·      Look! The cook is tasting the dinner.
 
 
f)       Weigh (Nonprogressive): Nesnenin ağırlığından bahsediyorsak,
·      This bag weighs 6 kilograms so you will pay 18 TL.
       Weigh (Progressive): Tartmak.
·      The greengrocer’s is weighing oranges now.
 
g)      Feel (Nonprogressive): Bir nesnenin bize verdiği duygu, sezinmek, hissetmek
·      This leather feels hard. You can buy this bag.
·      I feel that I will be sick.
 Feel (Progressive): Hissetmek.
·      She’s feeling better today.
 
 
 h)     Look (Nonprogressive): Gibi görünmek
·      You look unhappy. Is there anything wrong?
Look (Progressive): Bakmak
·      She’s looking at you, I think she has recognised you.
 
 i)        Appear (Nonprogressive): gibi görünmek,
·      The little girl appears to be frightened by the film.
 Appear (Progressive): ortaya çıkmak
·      Look! Your child is appearing from where he’s hidden.